Which of the following AM processes is able to use metal powders?

The ability to use metal powders in additive manufacturing is a characteristic feature of directed energy deposition. This process involves the use of an energy source, such as a laser or an electron beam, to melt metal powders as they are deposited layer by layer. This technique allows for the creation of complex geometries and the repair of existing parts, making it highly versatile in applications requiring metal components.

Binder jetting can also utilize metal powders, but it typically requires a post-processing step to sinter the binder and give it strength. Fused deposition modeling focuses primarily on thermoplastic materials and does not involve metal powders. Similarly, stereolithography is based on photopolymers, and does not incorporate metal powders in its process. Therefore, directed energy deposition stands out as the primary method in this context that directly utilizes metal powders without the need for significant additional processing steps.